Home energy storage batteries work based on electrochemical charge-discharge reactions. Taking a lithium-ion battery as an example, during charging, an external power source delivers electrical energy to the battery. Lithium ions are released from the positive electrode material, pass through the electrolyte solution, and are inserted into the negative electrode material. Simultaneously, electrons flow from the positive to the negative electrode through an external circuit, completing the charging process and storing electrical energy as chemical energy.
During discharging, the situation is reversed. Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Lithium ions are released from the negative electrode and return to the positive electrode, while electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through an external circuit, providing power to connected electrical devices. This process continuously cycles, achieving the storage and release of electrical energy to meet the household's electricity needs at different times.